Base Oils

Base oils are essential components used in the production of various lubricants, including engine oils, transmission fluids, and greases. These oils serve as the foundation for creating high-quality lubricating products.

The selection and volume of base oils directly influence a lubricant’s functional attributes. Characteristics including how it reacts to temperature changes (viscosity-temperature relationship), its ability to resist oxidation, and its friction management capabilities are markedly affected.

Re-refined Base Oils

SN 650

150N

SN 150

SN 200

SN 300

SN 500

Pale Oils (Group 5)

pale 100

pale 300

pale 150

pale 500

pale 2000

pale 700

Base Oils Group 4

PAO 10

PAO 40

PAO 100

PAO 2

PAO 4

PAO 6

PAO 8

Base Oils Group 3

2 cSt

3 cSt

6 cSt

8 cSt

4 cSt

Base Oils Group 2

500N

600N

220N

80N

100N

150N

BS 150

50N

60N

70N

Base Oils Group 1

BS-150

SN 60

SN 70

SN 300

SN 150

SN 100

SN 500

SN 400

SN 350

SN 1200

SN 900

SN 600

Viscosity: This fundamental property gauges the oil’s resistance to flow. A crucial factor in determining how the base oil performs under different operating conditions.
Viscosity Index: A critical measure that reveals the extent to which the oil’s viscosity is affected by temperature variations. Higher viscosity index values signify better performance across a range of temperatures.
Sulphur Content: An important parameter influencing both the lubricating efficiency and the environmental footprint of the base oil. Lower sulphur content is generally preferred for reduced environmental impact.
Flash Point: This is the specific temperature at which the oil begins to emit flammable vapors. It’s a vital safety parameter, indicating the oil’s volatility and combustion risk.
Pour Point: Refers to the lowest temperature at which the base oil maintains its fluidity. Essential for ensuring reliable performance in cold environments.
Colour: While often overlooked, the colour of base oil can be an indicator of its purity and suitability for certain applications. Different oil types exhibit distinct colors, influencing their selection for specific uses. Usually, the clearer the colour – the better quality.
NOACK, or Noack Volatility, measures an oil's tendency to evaporate at high temperatures, with a lower value indicating better thermal stability and reduced volatility. The test, which heats an oil sample to 250°C in a controlled air flow for an hour, simulates engine conditions, and a lower mass loss (percentage) means less oil evaporates. Low NOACK values are desirable as high volatility can lead to increased oil consumption, thickening, sludge formation, and emissions.
CCStest (Cold-Crank Simulator test) is a low-temperature performance test for engine oils and base oils, measuring their apparent viscosity under simulated cold start conditions to ensure adequate low-temperature flow for engine start. Lower CCS values indicate that an oil is thinner and flows better at cold temperatures, which is crucial for preventing engine damage during cold weather starts. Base oil properties, particularly the type and amount of isoparaffins, significantly influence its CCS performance, with Groups II and III base oils generally showing better low-temperature properties than Group I.

Base Oils Classification: Base oils are broadly classified into five groups based on their composition and performance characteristics. Resources specializes in the following:

Key Quality Indicators of Base Oils and lubricants:

Group IV – PAO (Poly-alpha-olefins):

Synthesized base oils.
Broad temperature range, ideal for extreme conditions.
Commonly used in high heat applications and cold environments.

Group III – Synthetic Base Oil:

Greater than 90% saturates.
Less than 0.03% sulfur.
Viscosity index above 120.
Severely hydrocracked for purity.
Often described as synthesized hydrocarbons.

Group II – Semi-Synthetic Base Oil:

Over 90% saturates.
Less than 0.03% sulfur.
Viscosity index of 100-120.
Hydrocracked manufacturing process.
Better antioxidation properties and clearer color.

Group I – Mineral Base Oil:

Less than 90% saturates.
More than 0.03% sulfur.
Viscosity-index range of 80-110.
Suitable for a temperature range of 0-65°C.
Solvent-refined, making them the most economical choice.

Golding & Partners provides high-quality base oils, lubricants, and petroleum products that meet the needs of various industries.

Understanding the crucial role of raw materials and additives in production, we guarantee consistent quality and compliance with international standards.
Our structured and professional approach helps clients gain a clear understanding of products, their properties, and applications, positioning Golding & Partners as a reliable and competent partner in the oil and petrochemical sector. With many years of experience and deep market expertise, we deliver solutions that ensure stability, quality, and competitive advantages for our clients.

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